History and Origins of Pandeglang, Banten Unique Regency
Discover the rich history and origins of Pandeglang, Banten. Explore its cultural heritage, geography, and the story behind its "City of Rhinos" nickname.
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| Map of Pandeglang Regency, Banten. (Doc. Pandeglang Regency Government) |
FOKUS NEWS - Pandeglang is not just any regency; it holds a deep historical and cultural significance in the western part of Java Island. As one of the eight regencies in the province of Banten, Pandeglang stands out for its unique location, history, and geographical features. Covering an area of 2,746.89 square kilometers, this regency includes several smaller islands in the Indian Ocean, such as Panaitan Island, Deli Island, and Tinjil Island. Not to forget, Pandeglang is also home to the renowned Ujung Kulon National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which adds to its natural allure.
Pandeglang’s Fascinating Geography
Located on the westernmost tip of Java, Pandeglang boasts a diverse landscape. It is dotted with majestic mountains, such as Mount Karang, Mount Pulosari, and Mount Aseupan, which have become iconic landmarks of the region. In addition, the region is blessed with several rivers, including Ciliman River, which flows westward, and Cibaliung River, which moves southward, offering both scenic beauty and practical water resources for the local population.
Pandeglang’s varied topography and rich biodiversity, particularly within Ujung Kulon, provide a crucial habitat for rare species, most notably the Javan Rhino, one of the world’s most endangered animals. It is no surprise that Pandeglang is often referred to as the "City of Rhinos."
The Historical Emergence of Pandeglang Regency
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| Pandeglang Regency Logo (Doc. Pandeglang Regency Government) |
The historical roots of Pandeglang Regency can be traced back to 1828, when the region was part of Serang Regency, according to the Dutch colonial law known as Staatsblad. At that time, Pandeglang was recognized as one of the eleven kawedanan or districts within Serang. The two primary sub-districts were Pandeglang and Cadasari.
However, in 1874, a significant change occurred. Through the enactment of Staatsblad No. 73, Pandeglang officially became a regency on its own. This marked an important milestone, as the regency was further divided into nine districts, known as kawedanan:
- Kawedanan Pandeglang
- Kawedanan Baros
- Kawedanan Ciomas
- Kawedanan Kolelet
- Kawedanan Cimanuk
- Kawedanan Caringin
- Kawedanan Panimbang
- Kawedanan Menes
- Kawedanan Cibaliung
Although Pandeglang was now a regency, it remained part of the Banten Residency under Dutch administration until 1925, when it gained more autonomy and became a fully independent regency. This newfound status solidified Pandeglang’s importance within the region and, in recognition of its official establishment, April 1, 1874, was designated as the Founding Day of Pandeglang Regency.
The Origins of the Name "Pandeglang"
Like many regions in Indonesia, the name Pandeglang is steeped in local lore and tradition. Its origin can be traced back to the time of the Sultanate of Banten, a powerful Muslim kingdom in the 16th century. According to legend, the name "Pandeglang" is a contraction of the words "Pandai Gelang," meaning "the maker of bracelets." The story goes that the Sultan of Banten ordered local blacksmiths to craft a special bracelet for a royal cannon known as Si Amuk. Despite many attempts, no one succeeded until a skilled blacksmith from Kadupandak Village in what is now Pandeglang was able to fulfill the Sultan’s request. In honor of this accomplishment, the area became known as Pandai Gelang, which over time evolved into Pandeglang.
Pandeglang: The City of Rhinos
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| Rhino Monument, the icon of Pandeglang Regency, Banten. (Tribun Banten/Rizki Asdiarman) |
Pandeglang has earned the nickname "Kota Badak" or "City of Rhinos" due to the significant population of Javan Rhinos (Rhinoceros sondaicus) that reside in Ujung Kulon National Park. This national park is one of the last strongholds of the Javan Rhino, a species that has become critically endangered, with only around 50-60 individuals remaining in the wild. These magnificent creatures are characterized by their single horn, and they hold a special place in the hearts of the people of Pandeglang.
The importance of the Javan Rhino to the identity of Pandeglang is symbolized by the Rhino Statue that stands proudly in Pandeglang’s town square on Jalan Labuan. This monument serves as a reminder of the region’s commitment to preserving its rich biodiversity and protecting this unique species from extinction.
Pandeglang Today: A Blend of Tradition and Progress
Today, Pandeglang Regency continues to thrive as a hub of cultural heritage and natural beauty. The local government has worked diligently to promote eco-tourism, especially in areas like Ujung Kulon National Park, which attracts visitors from around the world. The region's historical landmarks, such as its ancient mosques and traditional villages, further add to its appeal, making it a must-visit destination for those interested in Indonesia’s history and natural wonders.
In recent years, Fokus.co.id has highlighted the efforts of the Pandeglang community to balance economic development with environmental conservation, ensuring that the regency’s natural and historical heritage is preserved for future generations.
Conclusion
The history and origins of Pandeglang Regency are rich with cultural significance, natural beauty, and a deep connection to the past. From its humble beginnings as part of Serang Regency to its current status as a thriving independent region, Pandeglang has evolved while still holding on to its roots. Its geographical diversity, coupled with its cultural legends, gives this region a unique character that is both fascinating and inspiring. Whether it’s exploring the mystical story of Pandai Gelang, marveling at the rare Javan Rhino, or immersing oneself in the tranquil landscapes, Pandeglang offers something for everyone.
Pandeglang remains an essential part of Banten’s history and a symbol of Indonesia’s rich cultural and natural heritage. By protecting its history, wildlife, and natural beauty, Pandeglang continues to be a vital destination for those seeking a deeper understanding of Indonesia’s past and future.